Career profile · 53-4011
Locomotive Engineers
Drive electric, diesel-electric, steam, or gas-turbine-electric locomotives to transport passengers or freight. Interpret train orders, electronic or manual signals, and railroad rules and regulations.
What the work can involve
- Receive starting signals from conductors and use controls such as throttles or air brakes to drive electric, diesel-electric, steam, or gas turbine-electric locomotives.
- Monitor gauges or meters that measure speed, amperage, battery charge, or air pressure in brake lines or in main reservoirs.
- Interpret train orders, signals, or railroad rules and regulations that govern the operation of locomotives.
- Observe tracks to detect obstructions.
- Confer with conductors or traffic control center personnel via radiophones to issue or receive information concerning stops, delays, or oncoming trains.
- Inspect locomotives to verify adequate fuel, sand, water, or other supplies before each run or to check for mechanical problems.
Selected core tasks from O*NET 31.0. Responsibilities vary by employer, specialization and experience.
Preparation and entry routes
This broad O*NET group commonly involves some prior preparation and on-the-job learning. Check the specific employer, occupational credential and state requirements.
Check the route for the specific occupation where you plan to work. Education, employer experience requirements, occupational licensing and industry certification can be separate steps.
Understand the different credentials →Skills used in this occupation
- Monitoring
- Critical Thinking
- Active Listening
- Speaking
- Reading Comprehension
Selected from the highest importance ratings available in O*NET 31.0. These describe the occupation, not a particular school's curriculum.
Knowledge to build
- Transportation
- Public Safety and Security
- Mechanical
- Mathematics
- Customer and Personal Service
Selected from the highest importance ratings available in O*NET 31.0. These describe the occupation, not a particular school's curriculum.
Common work activities
- Controlling Machines and Processes
- Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment
- Getting Information
- Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials
- Making Decisions and Solving Problems
Selected from the highest importance ratings available in O*NET 31.0. These describe the occupation, not a particular school's curriculum.
Training subjects to investigate
The federal education-to-occupation crosswalk connects this role to the subjects below. These links do not endorse a school or guarantee that any particular award qualifies a graduate for the job.
Working conditions to consider
These are the most common published responses to selected O*NET work-setting questions. They describe occupation-level survey findings, not every employer or a particular job.
| Work-setting question | Most common response | Share giving that response |
|---|---|---|
| Contact With Others | Constant contact with others | 48.9%08/2026 · sample 20 |
| Exposed to Contaminants | Every day | 72.2%08/2026 · sample 20 |
| Exposed to Disease or Infections | Never | 80.8%08/2026 · sample 20 |
| Exposed to Hazardous Conditions | Never | 39.2%08/2026 · sample 20 |
| Spend Time Sitting | More than half the time | 35.6%08/2026 · sample 20 |
| Spend Time Standing | About half the time | 34.2%08/2026 · sample 20 |
| Time Pressure | Every day | 44.7%08/2026 · sample 20 |
| Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets | Every day | 98.1%08/2026 · sample 20 |
| Work Schedules | Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration) | 56.0%08/2026 · sample 19 |
O*NET 31.0 Work Context, selected topics. Only unsuppressed source responses with sample size at least 10 are shown. A most-common response need not be a majority. Sampling uncertainty applies; source dates vary. Ask employers about actual schedules, accessibility, protective equipment and working conditions.
Software used in the workplace
Use these O*NET examples to ask how a course builds practical digital skills. They are workplace examples, not a required shopping list or confirmation of a school’s curriculum.
- Expert system software: Electronic train management systems ETMS
- Route navigation software: Route mapping software
- Spreadsheet software: Microsoft Excel
- Time accounting software: Time tracking software
- Word processing software: Microsoft Word
Selected categories and examples from O*NET 31.0 Software Skills. Products and employer requirements change. These examples are not endorsements; check the complete official occupation profile.
Pay & employment outlook
Salary estimates for locomotive engineers
The median divides workers into two equally sized groups by pay. It is not a starting salary, a school’s graduate outcome or a promise of employment. Lower percentiles are not automatically new graduates.
National outlook: 2025–2035
- Typical education for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
- Related work experience
- Less than 5 years
- Typical on-the-job training
- Moderate-term on-the-job training
BLS national employment projections, 2025–2035. Openings include people leaving occupations or the labor force; these are not advertised vacancies. Education categories describe typical entry, not legal eligibility or a guarantee that any specific program is sufficient.
Compare wages across 36 state/DC estimates
| State | Annual median | Hourly median | Employment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | $77,600 | $37.31 | 590 |
| Arizona | $89,840 | $43.19 | 490 |
| Arkansas | $78,930 | $37.95 | 620 |
| California | $77,070 | $37.06 | 1,570 |
| Colorado | $89,360 | $42.96 | 480 |
| Delaware | Not published | Not published | 290 |
| Florida | $92,310 | $44.38 | 350 |
| Illinois | $93,320 | $44.87 | 2,340 |
| Indiana | $92,790 | $44.61 | 1,030 |
| Iowa | $89,970 | $43.25 | 1,000 |
| Kansas | $75,190 | $36.15 | 1,020 |
| Kentucky | $77,620 | $37.32 | 540 |
| Louisiana | $64,200 | $30.87 | 700 |
| Massachusetts | $108,790 | $52.31 | 640 |
| Minnesota | $93,700 | $45.05 | 990 |
| Mississippi | $96,710 | $46.50 | 300 |
| Missouri | $78,820 | $37.90 | 1,110 |
| Montana | $90,220 | $43.38 | 470 |
| New Hampshire | $70,670 | $33.98 | 30 |
| New Jersey | $86,550 | $41.61 | 830 |
| New Mexico | $88,330 | $42.47 | 440 |
| New York | $109,220 | $52.51 | 1,510 |
| North Carolina | $61,190 | $29.42 | 340 |
| Ohio | $63,280 | $30.42 | 200 |
| Oklahoma | $91,970 | $44.21 | 260 |
| Oregon | $79,130 | $38.05 | 580 |
| Pennsylvania | $82,460 | $39.64 | 1,430 |
| South Carolina | $89,290 | $42.93 | 380 |
| South Dakota | $69,180 | $33.26 | 150 |
| Tennessee | $81,410 | $39.14 | 700 |
| Texas | $79,000 | $37.98 | 3,780 |
| Virginia | $90,780 | $43.64 | 790 |
| Washington | $73,750 | $35.46 | 1,120 |
| West Virginia | $64,400 | $30.96 | 340 |
| Wisconsin | $84,550 | $40.65 | 220 |
| Wyoming | $78,910 | $37.94 | Not published |
Metropolitan and nonmetropolitan wages
Search the 4 published local-area estimates for this occupation. Metropolitan areas can cross state lines; a city’s postal name is not necessarily the statistical area’s name.
Sources: BLS May 2025 OEWS public downloads and 2025–2035 employment projections, retrieved September 9, 2026. Unpublished estimates stay unavailable. “+” means BLS’s upper reporting threshold ($239,200 annually or $115 hourly). Wages exclude self-employment and nonwage benefits. How to interpret these figures.
Compare the route and prepare for work
Questions to test the fit
- What does an entry-level working day look like, and how does it differ from the experienced role described here?
- Which tasks, work environments and schedules would I enjoy or find difficult?
- What education, supervised practice and credentials do local employers actually request?
- Can I speak with someone in the occupation or arrange a suitable workplace visit?
- How does the complete training cost compare with my realistic budget and available routes?
Related occupations to compare
- First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators→
- First-Line Supervisors of Transportation Workers, All Other→
- Rail Transportation Workers, All Other→
- Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey Operators, and Hostlers→
- Railroad Brake, Signal, and Switch Operators and Locomotive Firers→
- Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters→
- Subway and Streetcar Operators→
Related through shared training-subject mappings. Entry requirements can differ substantially.
Sources and attribution
This page includes information from the O*NET 31.0 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under CC BY 4.0. Trade School Guides selects and organizes the material and adds explanatory guidance. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed or tested these modifications. Occupation code: 53-4011.00.
Training connections: CIP 2020–SOC 2018 crosswalk. Snapshot: September 8, 2026. See the methodology.