Career profile · 49-9044
Millwrights
Install, dismantle, or move machinery and heavy equipment according to layout plans, blueprints, or other drawings.
What the work can involve
- Replace defective parts of machine, or adjust clearances and alignment of moving parts.
- Align machines or equipment, using hoists, jacks, hand tools, squares, rules, micrometers, lasers, or plumb bobs.
- Insert shims, adjust tension on nuts and bolts, or position parts, using hand tools and measuring instruments, to set specified clearances between moving and stationary parts.
- Signal crane operator to lower basic assembly units to bedplate, and align unit to centerline.
- Conduct preventative maintenance and repair, and lubricate machines and equipment.
- Assemble and install equipment, using hand tools and power tools.
Selected core tasks from O*NET 31.0. Responsibilities vary by employer, specialization and experience.
Preparation and entry routes
This broad O*NET group commonly involves some prior preparation and on-the-job learning. Check the specific employer, occupational credential and state requirements.
Check the route for the specific occupation where you plan to work. Education, employer experience requirements, occupational licensing and industry certification can be separate steps.
Understand the different credentials →Skills used in this occupation
- Critical Thinking
- Active Listening
- Monitoring
- Reading Comprehension
- Speaking
Selected from the highest importance ratings available in O*NET 31.0. These describe the occupation, not a particular school's curriculum.
Knowledge to build
- Mechanical
- Mathematics
- Building and Construction
- Education and Training
- Engineering and Technology
Selected from the highest importance ratings available in O*NET 31.0. These describe the occupation, not a particular school's curriculum.
Common work activities
- Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment
- Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials
- Handling and Moving Objects
- Getting Information
- Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates
Selected from the highest importance ratings available in O*NET 31.0. These describe the occupation, not a particular school's curriculum.
Training subjects to investigate
The federal education-to-occupation crosswalk connects this role to the subjects below. These links do not endorse a school or guarantee that any particular award qualifies a graduate for the job.
Working conditions to consider
These are the most common published responses to selected O*NET work-setting questions. They describe occupation-level survey findings, not every employer or a particular job.
| Work-setting question | Most common response | Share giving that response |
|---|---|---|
| Contact With Others | Constant contact with others | 63.6%08/2024 · sample 22 |
| Exposed to Contaminants | Once a week or more but not every day | 54.5%08/2024 · sample 22 |
| Exposed to Disease or Infections | Never | 50.0%08/2024 · sample 22 |
| Exposed to Hazardous Conditions | Once a week or more but not every day | 36.4%08/2024 · sample 22 |
| Spend Time Sitting | Less than half the time | 81.8%08/2024 · sample 22 |
| Spend Time Standing | More than half the time | 50.0%08/2024 · sample 22 |
| Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls | Continually or almost continually | 77.3%08/2024 · sample 22 |
| Time Pressure | Every day | 68.2%08/2024 · sample 22 |
| Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets | Every day | 100.0%08/2024 · sample 22 |
| Work Schedules | Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration) | 50.0%08/2024 · sample 22 |
O*NET 31.0 Work Context, selected topics. Only unsuppressed source responses with sample size at least 10 are shown. A most-common response need not be a majority. Sampling uncertainty applies; source dates vary. Ask employers about actual schedules, accessibility, protective equipment and working conditions.
Software used in the workplace
Use these O*NET examples to ask how a course builds practical digital skills. They are workplace examples, not a required shopping list or confirmation of a school’s curriculum.
- Computer aided design CAD software: Autodesk AutoCAD, Dassault Systemes SolidWorks
- Electronic mail software: Microsoft Outlook
- Enterprise resource planning ERP software: SAP software
- Office suite software: Microsoft Office software
- Spreadsheet software: Microsoft Excel
- Word processing software: Microsoft Word
Selected categories and examples from O*NET 31.0 Software Skills. Products and employer requirements change. These examples are not endorsements; check the complete official occupation profile.
Pay & employment outlook
Salary estimates for millwrights
The median divides workers into two equally sized groups by pay. It is not a starting salary, a school’s graduate outcome or a promise of employment. Lower percentiles are not automatically new graduates.
National outlook: 2025–2035
- Typical education for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
- Related work experience
- None
- Typical on-the-job training
- Apprenticeship
BLS national employment projections, 2025–2035. Openings include people leaving occupations or the labor force; these are not advertised vacancies. Education categories describe typical entry, not legal eligibility or a guarantee that any specific program is sufficient.
Compare wages across 48 state/DC estimates
| State | Annual median | Hourly median | Employment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | $61,410 | $29.52 | 1,400 |
| Alaska | $76,940 | $36.99 | 300 |
| Arizona | $57,380 | $27.59 | 450 |
| Arkansas | $56,310 | $27.07 | 1,140 |
| California | $77,950 | $37.48 | 2,230 |
| Colorado | $81,440 | $39.15 | 200 |
| Connecticut | $76,810 | $36.93 | 110 |
| Delaware | $58,770 | $28.25 | 90 |
| Florida | $62,000 | $29.81 | 530 |
| Georgia | $62,760 | $30.17 | 1,780 |
| Idaho | $64,710 | $31.11 | 410 |
| Illinois | $66,640 | $32.04 | 2,160 |
| Indiana | $77,140 | $37.09 | 1,760 |
| Iowa | $62,220 | $29.91 | 690 |
| Kansas | $79,690 | $38.31 | 840 |
| Kentucky | $70,610 | $33.95 | 1,220 |
| Louisiana | $66,080 | $31.77 | 1,080 |
| Maine | $68,220 | $32.80 | 350 |
| Maryland | $59,220 | $28.47 | 160 |
| Massachusetts | $65,220 | $31.36 | Not published |
| Michigan | $89,190 | $42.88 | 2,900 |
| Minnesota | $78,570 | $37.77 | 480 |
| Mississippi | $58,280 | $28.02 | 1,280 |
| Missouri | $66,480 | $31.96 | 830 |
| Montana | $60,050 | $28.87 | 70 |
| Nebraska | $60,320 | $29.00 | 590 |
| Nevada | $63,040 | $30.31 | 150 |
| New Hampshire | $76,190 | $36.63 | 80 |
| New Jersey | $107,540 | $51.70 | 340 |
| New Mexico | $90,230 | $43.38 | 60 |
| New York | $79,560 | $38.25 | 1,000 |
| North Carolina | $62,990 | $30.29 | 700 |
| North Dakota | $60,750 | $29.21 | 170 |
| Ohio | $73,220 | $35.20 | 1,930 |
| Oklahoma | $50,950 | $24.50 | 510 |
| Oregon | $70,700 | $33.99 | 460 |
| Pennsylvania | $64,410 | $30.96 | 1,700 |
| South Carolina | $61,700 | $29.66 | 950 |
| South Dakota | $61,820 | $29.72 | 240 |
| Tennessee | $61,810 | $29.72 | 1,060 |
| Texas | $62,630 | $30.11 | 3,540 |
| Utah | $63,040 | $30.31 | 220 |
| Vermont | $64,180 | $30.86 | 60 |
| Virginia | $51,430 | $24.73 | 690 |
| Washington | $76,490 | $36.77 | 1,020 |
| West Virginia | $67,270 | $32.34 | 330 |
| Wisconsin | $82,630 | $39.73 | 1,220 |
| Wyoming | $62,780 | $30.18 | 130 |
Metropolitan and nonmetropolitan wages
Search the 214 published local-area estimates for this occupation. Metropolitan areas can cross state lines; a city’s postal name is not necessarily the statistical area’s name.
Sources: BLS May 2025 OEWS public downloads and 2025–2035 employment projections, retrieved September 9, 2026. Unpublished estimates stay unavailable. “+” means BLS’s upper reporting threshold ($239,200 annually or $115 hourly). Wages exclude self-employment and nonwage benefits. How to interpret these figures.
Compare the route and prepare for work
Questions to test the fit
- What does an entry-level working day look like, and how does it differ from the experienced role described here?
- Which tasks, work environments and schedules would I enjoy or find difficult?
- What education, supervised practice and credentials do local employers actually request?
- Can I speak with someone in the occupation or arrange a suitable workplace visit?
- How does the complete training cost compare with my realistic budget and available routes?
Related occupations to compare
- Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door→
- Elevator and Escalator Installers and Repairers→
- Industrial Machinery Mechanics→
- Maintenance Workers, Machinery→
- Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons→
- Wind Turbine Service Technicians→
Related through shared training-subject mappings. Entry requirements can differ substantially.
Sources and attribution
This page includes information from the O*NET 31.0 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under CC BY 4.0. Trade School Guides selects and organizes the material and adds explanatory guidance. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed or tested these modifications. Occupation code: 49-9044.00.
Training connections: CIP 2020–SOC 2018 crosswalk. Snapshot: September 8, 2026. See the methodology.