Career profile · 47-5022
Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators, Surface Mining
Operate or tend machinery at surface mining site, equipped with scoops, shovels, or buckets to excavate and load loose materials.
What the work can involve
- Move levers, depress foot pedals, and turn dials to operate power machinery, such as power shovels, stripping shovels, scraper loaders, or backhoes.
- Set up or inspect equipment prior to operation.
- Become familiar with digging plans, machine capabilities and limitations, and efficient and safe digging procedures in a given application.
- Observe hand signals, grade stakes, or other markings when operating machines so that work can be performed to specifications.
- Operate machinery to perform activities such as backfilling excavations, vibrating or breaking rock or concrete, or making winter roads.
- Receive written or oral instructions regarding material movement or excavation.
Selected core tasks from O*NET 31.0. Responsibilities vary by employer, specialization and experience.
Preparation and entry routes
This broad O*NET group commonly involves some prior preparation and on-the-job learning. Check the specific employer, occupational credential and state requirements.
Check the route for the specific occupation where you plan to work. Education, employer experience requirements, occupational licensing and industry certification can be separate steps.
Understand the different credentials →Skills used in this occupation
- Monitoring
- Active Learning
- Active Listening
- Critical Thinking
- Reading Comprehension
Selected from the highest importance ratings available in O*NET 31.0. These describe the occupation, not a particular school's curriculum.
Knowledge to build
- Mechanical
- Building and Construction
- Public Safety and Security
- English Language
- Mathematics
Selected from the highest importance ratings available in O*NET 31.0. These describe the occupation, not a particular school's curriculum.
Common work activities
- Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment
- Controlling Machines and Processes
- Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials
- Handling and Moving Objects
- Getting Information
Selected from the highest importance ratings available in O*NET 31.0. These describe the occupation, not a particular school's curriculum.
Training subjects to investigate
The federal education-to-occupation crosswalk connects this role to the subjects below. These links do not endorse a school or guarantee that any particular award qualifies a graduate for the job.
Working conditions to consider
These are the most common published responses to selected O*NET work-setting questions. They describe occupation-level survey findings, not every employer or a particular job.
| Work-setting question | Most common response | Share giving that response |
|---|---|---|
| Contact With Others | Constant contact with others | 65.8%07/2013 · sample 28 |
| Exposed to Contaminants | Every day | 75.1%07/2013 · sample 27 |
| Exposed to Disease or Infections | Never | 88.1%07/2013 · sample 28 |
| Exposed to Hazardous Conditions | Never | 38.5%07/2013 · sample 28 |
| Spend Time Sitting | Continually or almost continually | 42.2%07/2013 · sample 27 |
| Spend Time Standing | Less than half the time | 39.1%07/2013 · sample 27 |
| Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls | Continually or almost continually | 83.1%07/2013 · sample 27 |
| Time Pressure | Every day | 40.9%07/2013 · sample 28 |
| Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets | Every day | 94.2%07/2013 · sample 26 |
| Work Schedules | Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration) | 46.9%07/2013 · sample 28 |
O*NET 31.0 Work Context, selected topics. Only unsuppressed source responses with sample size at least 10 are shown. A most-common response need not be a majority. Sampling uncertainty applies; source dates vary. Ask employers about actual schedules, accessibility, protective equipment and working conditions.
Software used in the workplace
Use these O*NET examples to ask how a course builds practical digital skills. They are workplace examples, not a required shopping list or confirmation of a school’s curriculum.
- Electronic mail software: Email software, Google Gmail, Microsoft Outlook
- Industrial control software: Machine control systems, Machine monitoring software
- Office suite software: Microsoft Office software
- Operating system software: Microsoft Windows
- Presentation software: Microsoft PowerPoint
- Spreadsheet software: Microsoft Excel
- Word processing software: Microsoft Word
Selected categories and examples from O*NET 31.0 Software Skills. Products and employer requirements change. These examples are not endorsements; check the complete official occupation profile.
Pay & employment outlook
Salary estimates for excavating and loading machine and dragline operators, surface mining
The median divides workers into two equally sized groups by pay. It is not a starting salary, a school’s graduate outcome or a promise of employment. Lower percentiles are not automatically new graduates.
National outlook: 2025–2035
- Typical education for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
- Related work experience
- Less than 5 years
- Typical on-the-job training
- Moderate-term on-the-job training
BLS national employment projections, 2025–2035. Openings include people leaving occupations or the labor force; these are not advertised vacancies. Education categories describe typical entry, not legal eligibility or a guarantee that any specific program is sufficient.
Compare wages across 49 state/DC estimates
| State | Annual median | Hourly median | Employment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | $47,770 | $22.97 | 410 |
| Alaska | $74,680 | $35.90 | 140 |
| Arizona | $60,310 | $29.00 | 560 |
| Arkansas | $46,170 | $22.20 | 250 |
| California | $74,500 | $35.82 | 790 |
| Colorado | $61,020 | $29.34 | 820 |
| Connecticut | $65,710 | $31.59 | 280 |
| Delaware | $46,900 | $22.55 | 130 |
| Florida | $51,990 | $25.00 | 1,480 |
| Georgia | $50,290 | $24.18 | 1,180 |
| Idaho | $58,670 | $28.21 | 190 |
| Illinois | $80,600 | $38.75 | 1,310 |
| Indiana | $61,910 | $29.77 | 1,530 |
| Iowa | $59,390 | $28.55 | 560 |
| Kansas | $48,950 | $23.53 | 270 |
| Kentucky | $47,780 | $22.97 | 790 |
| Louisiana | $53,510 | $25.73 | 280 |
| Maine | $55,890 | $26.87 | 230 |
| Maryland | $57,610 | $27.70 | 730 |
| Massachusetts | $76,070 | $36.57 | 280 |
| Michigan | $59,040 | $28.38 | 880 |
| Minnesota | $61,260 | $29.45 | 520 |
| Mississippi | $48,490 | $23.31 | 290 |
| Missouri | $56,760 | $27.29 | 310 |
| Montana | $65,850 | $31.66 | 150 |
| Nebraska | $58,370 | $28.06 | 300 |
| Nevada | $63,810 | $30.68 | 730 |
| New Hampshire | $58,540 | $28.14 | 350 |
| New Jersey | $80,310 | $38.61 | 740 |
| New Mexico | $76,350 | $36.71 | 270 |
| New York | $58,120 | $27.94 | 1,490 |
| North Carolina | $58,620 | $28.18 | Not published |
| North Dakota | $90,380 | $43.45 | 220 |
| Ohio | $58,240 | $28.00 | 1,120 |
| Oklahoma | $47,100 | $22.64 | 1,440 |
| Oregon | $61,280 | $29.46 | 310 |
| Pennsylvania | $52,350 | $25.17 | 1,520 |
| Rhode Island | $59,590 | $28.65 | 50 |
| South Carolina | $52,580 | $25.28 | 330 |
| South Dakota | $48,250 | $23.20 | 280 |
| Tennessee | $49,500 | $23.80 | 550 |
| Texas | $49,000 | $23.56 | 5,030 |
| Utah | $54,330 | $26.12 | 400 |
| Vermont | $59,790 | $28.75 | 250 |
| Virginia | $59,480 | $28.60 | 1,150 |
| Washington | $64,270 | $30.90 | 640 |
| West Virginia | $61,330 | $29.49 | 650 |
| Wisconsin | $58,280 | $28.02 | 990 |
| Wyoming | $78,230 | $37.61 | 420 |
Metropolitan and nonmetropolitan wages
Search the 195 published local-area estimates for this occupation. Metropolitan areas can cross state lines; a city’s postal name is not necessarily the statistical area’s name.
Sources: BLS May 2025 OEWS public downloads and 2025–2035 employment projections, retrieved September 9, 2026. Unpublished estimates stay unavailable. “+” means BLS’s upper reporting threshold ($239,200 annually or $115 hourly). Wages exclude self-employment and nonwage benefits. How to interpret these figures.
Compare the route and prepare for work
Questions to test the fit
- What does an entry-level working day look like, and how does it differ from the experienced role described here?
- Which tasks, work environments and schedules would I enjoy or find difficult?
- What education, supervised practice and credentials do local employers actually request?
- Can I speak with someone in the occupation or arrange a suitable workplace visit?
- How does the complete training cost compare with my realistic budget and available routes?
Related occupations to compare
- Continuous Mining Machine Operators→
- Crane and Tower Operators→
- Dredge Operators→
- Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas→
- Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters→
- Extraction Workers, All Other→
- Highway Maintenance Workers→
- Hoist and Winch Operators→
Related through shared training-subject mappings. Entry requirements can differ substantially.
Sources and attribution
This page includes information from the O*NET 31.0 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under CC BY 4.0. Trade School Guides selects and organizes the material and adds explanatory guidance. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed or tested these modifications. Occupation code: 47-5022.00.
Training connections: CIP 2020–SOC 2018 crosswalk. Snapshot: September 8, 2026. See the methodology.