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Career profile · 53-2012

Commercial Pilots

Pilot and navigate the flight of fixed-wing aircraft on nonscheduled air carrier routes, or helicopters. Requires Commercial Pilot certificate. Includes charter pilots with similar certification, and air ambulance and air tour pilots. Excludes regional, national, and international airline pilots.

What the work can involve

  • Check aircraft prior to flights to ensure that the engines, controls, instruments, and other systems are functioning properly.
  • Co-pilot aircraft or perform captain's duties, as required.
  • Consider airport altitudes, outside temperatures, plane weights, and wind speeds and directions to calculate the speed needed to become airborne.
  • Use instrumentation to pilot aircraft when visibility is poor.
  • Monitor engine operation, fuel consumption, and functioning of aircraft systems during flights.
  • Order changes in fuel supplies, loads, routes, or schedules to ensure safety of flights.

Selected core tasks from O*NET 31.0. Responsibilities vary by employer, specialization and experience.

Preparation and entry routes

O*NET Job Zone 3: Medium preparation

This broad O*NET group commonly involves vocational training, related experience or an associate-level route. It does not mean every course in a related subject meets the requirements.

Check the route for the specific occupation where you plan to work. Education, employer experience requirements, occupational licensing and industry certification can be separate steps.

Understand the different credentials →

Skills used in this occupation

  • Monitoring
  • Critical Thinking
  • Active Listening
  • Reading Comprehension
  • Speaking

Selected from the highest importance ratings available in O*NET 31.0. These describe the occupation, not a particular school's curriculum.

Knowledge to build

  • Customer and Personal Service
  • English Language
  • Transportation
  • Geography
  • Public Safety and Security

Selected from the highest importance ratings available in O*NET 31.0. These describe the occupation, not a particular school's curriculum.

Common work activities

  • Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment
  • Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials
  • Controlling Machines and Processes
  • Making Decisions and Solving Problems
  • Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events

Selected from the highest importance ratings available in O*NET 31.0. These describe the occupation, not a particular school's curriculum.

Training subjects to investigate

The federal education-to-occupation crosswalk connects this role to the subjects below. These links do not endorse a school or guarantee that any particular award qualifies a graduate for the job.

Working conditions to consider

These are the most common published responses to selected O*NET work-setting questions. They describe occupation-level survey findings, not every employer or a particular job.

Work-setting questionMost common responseShare giving that response
Contact With OthersContact with others most of the time60.0%08/2024 · sample 19
Exposed to ContaminantsOnce a week or more but not every day44.1%08/2024 · sample 19
Exposed to Disease or InfectionsNever52.0%08/2024 · sample 19
Exposed to Hazardous ConditionsEvery day32.6%08/2024 · sample 19
Spend Time SittingMore than half the time60.8%08/2024 · sample 19
Spend Time StandingLess than half the time68.2%08/2024 · sample 19
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or ControlsContinually or almost continually36.8%08/2024 · sample 19
Time PressureEvery day36.6%08/2024 · sample 19
Work SchedulesIrregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration)68.3%08/2024 · sample 19

O*NET 31.0 Work Context, selected topics. Only unsuppressed source responses with sample size at least 10 are shown. A most-common response need not be a majority. Sampling uncertainty applies; source dates vary. Ask employers about actual schedules, accessibility, protective equipment and working conditions.

Software used in the workplace

Use these O*NET examples to ask how a course builds practical digital skills. They are workplace examples, not a required shopping list or confirmation of a school’s curriculum.

  • Analytical or scientific software: Calibration software, CloudCompare, FLIR Thermal Studio Suite, Kitty Hawk
  • Aviation ground support software: ArduPilot Mission Planner
  • Calendar and scheduling software: SBS International Maestro Suite
  • Charting software: Aeronautical charts
  • Data base user interface and query software: AirSmith FlightPrompt, Airline Pilots Daily Aviation Log PPC, Electronic aircraft information databases, MJICCS PilotLog
  • Development environment software: Standard generalized markup language SGML
  • Flight control software: Flight simulation software
  • Graphics or photo imaging software: Adobe Creative Cloud software
  • Information retrieval or search software: AeroPlanner, Notam Development Group Airport Insight
  • Map creation software: ESRI Site Scan for ArcGIS, OpenDroneMap
  • Office suite software: Microsoft Office software
  • Project management software: Airdata

Selected categories and examples from O*NET 31.0 Software Skills. Products and employer requirements change. These examples are not endorsements; check the complete official occupation profile.

Pay & employment outlook

Salary estimates for commercial pilots

National median annual wage$123,220May 2025 · existing wage and salary workers
National median hourly wageNot publishedMay 2025 · where BLS publishes hourly pay
Middle 50% of annual wages$84,540–$190,44025th–75th percentile · not an entry-level pay range
Estimated employment47,630May 2025 · excludes self-employed workers

The median divides workers into two equally sized groups by pay. It is not a starting salary, a school’s graduate outcome or a promise of employment. Lower percentiles are not automatically new graduates.

National outlook: 2025–2035

Projected employment change+5.2%50,400 to 53,000 jobs
Projected openings per year5,200Annual average · growth plus replacement needs
Typical education for entry
Postsecondary nondegree award
Related work experience
None
Typical on-the-job training
Moderate-term on-the-job training

BLS national employment projections, 2025–2035. Openings include people leaving occupations or the labor force; these are not advertised vacancies. Education categories describe typical entry, not legal eligibility or a guarantee that any specific program is sufficient.

Compare wages across 50 state/DC estimates
May 2025 cross-industry wage estimates for Commercial Pilots
StateAnnual medianHourly medianEmployment
Alabama$101,420Not published780
Alaska$100,120Not published1,000
Arizona$103,060Not published1,540
Arkansas$94,410Not published460
California$165,590Not published4,900
Colorado$139,680Not published1,240
Connecticut$232,160Not published460
Delaware$163,600Not published220
Florida$121,890Not published6,340
Georgia$145,100Not published1,020
Hawaii$113,030Not published350
Idaho$109,620Not published310
Illinois$126,100Not published1,170
Indiana$104,160Not published960
Iowa$101,800Not published300
Kansas$105,440Not published680
Kentucky$129,990Not published800
Louisiana$95,940Not published910
Maine$117,560Not published100
Maryland$131,210Not published360
MassachusettsNot publishedNot published160
Michigan$126,670Not published1,390
Minnesota$98,630Not published910
Mississippi$103,640Not published240
Missouri$102,990Not published670
Montana$103,690Not published330
Nebraska$104,780Not published290
Nevada$105,340Not published1,100
New HampshireNot publishedNot published440
New Jersey$226,710Not published670
New Mexico$97,920Not published370
New York$177,430Not published1,070
North Carolina$127,310Not published1,520
North Dakota$133,010Not published370
Ohio$150,330Not published2,680
Oklahoma$126,180Not published540
Oregon$120,760Not published670
Pennsylvania$134,030Not published530
Rhode Island$98,820Not published80
South Carolina$105,740Not published290
South Dakota$83,710Not published320
Tennessee$117,480Not published1,030
Texas$137,960Not published4,120
Utah$99,610Not published540
Vermont$137,810Not published40
Virginia$104,890Not published1,130
Washington$117,730Not published890
West Virginia$105,950Not published40
Wisconsin$129,860Not published1,090
Wyoming$102,990Not published190

Metropolitan and nonmetropolitan wages

Search the 211 published local-area estimates for this occupation. Metropolitan areas can cross state lines; a city’s postal name is not necessarily the statistical area’s name.

Sources: BLS May 2025 OEWS public downloads and 2025–2035 employment projections, retrieved September 9, 2026. Unpublished estimates stay unavailable. “+” means BLS’s upper reporting threshold ($239,200 annually or $115 hourly). Wages exclude self-employment and nonwage benefits. How to interpret these figures.

Compare the route and prepare for work

Questions to test the fit

  1. What does an entry-level working day look like, and how does it differ from the experienced role described here?
  2. Which tasks, work environments and schedules would I enjoy or find difficult?
  3. What education, supervised practice and credentials do local employers actually request?
  4. Can I speak with someone in the occupation or arrange a suitable workplace visit?
  5. How does the complete training cost compare with my realistic budget and available routes?
Use the career-change checklist →

Related occupations to compare

Related through shared training-subject mappings. Entry requirements can differ substantially.

Sources and attribution

This page includes information from the O*NET 31.0 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under CC BY 4.0. Trade School Guides selects and organizes the material and adds explanatory guidance. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed or tested these modifications. Occupation code: 53-2012.00.

Training connections: CIP 2020–SOC 2018 crosswalk. Snapshot: September 8, 2026. See the methodology.